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Cultivation of French Bean

Pole Beans
Bush beans 

Climate:
French Bean love light warm moist (16 C-24 C) conditions. Optimum temperature to give higher productivity is 21 deg C. It will not sustain in very low or high temperatures which results poor yields with dropping of flowers. October to March is best time to grow in India.

Soil: 
Loves well drained soils like sandy loam, clay loam soils with high percentage of organic matter. Give high yields in soils which have pH 5.2 to 5.8. Can adapt to wide range of soils. 

Seed:
Approx 10 -20kg per acre seed required. 10 kg per acre pole type french bean, 20kg bush type french bean. More plants on rainfed, less plants on irrigated lands are required. Select virus free and disease free a seeds from farmer. Approx seed germination time is 5 days.

Duration: 
Below 90-120 days under full sunlight.

Spacing:
The bush type seeds are sown 5-10 cm x 45-90 cm(plant to plant × row to row). Pole type seeds are sown 15-25 cm × 90-110 cm.

Field Preparation:
It will be better if the field is watered for 3 days before sowing in order to improve germination of seeds. Grow green manure before the crop. Traditional practice is mixing 8 tons of FYM or 5 tons of compost with 500 kg of Neem cake along with top soil. Prepare raised beds if land is susceptible for water logging else ridge and furrows. 


Sowing Method: 
Use seed drill plough(Gorru) for direct sowing, for transplantation grow seedlings in nursery. If growing pole type beans need to arrange support for staking. Bamboo poles are used traditionally. Bamboo canes are placed at every 15 cm and tied horizontally on top.

Irrigation: 
Initial irrigation before sowing. Irrigation is rarely required as it is rainfed crop., especially before flowering. Maintain specific time everyday atleast irrigating deep 20cm soil gives best results. Give mulch for soil if climate is too hot outside.These plants don't like over irrigation. Over watering, stagnation leads several viral/fungal diseases. French bean can't tolerate water logging nor water stress.

Intercrops: 
Marigold, sunflower attract pollinators and deters bugs and beetles. Corn, okra, radish can be preferable to beans. Corns or okra gives support for staking and radish repels beetles. French bean is companion to many vegetables.

Harvest: 
Average yield, 3-4 tons of green pods for bush type. 4 to 6 tons in case pole type. or 0.5 to 0.6 tons grains harvest per acre. In bush type 2-3 harvests are made where as in pole type 3-5 times harvest were made.

Pest control:
  • Bacterial/viral infections occur due to water stagnation, over moist conditions and no proper circulation of air.
  • Four kg of Neem seeds are powdered and dissolved in 100 litres of water and filtered. Add 10 litres of cow urine and mix it with 50 gm of soap-nut powder. 
  • Spraying this extract every 15 days will control many pests and diseases.
  • Install light traps one for every half acre from 6-10 pm to overcome moths laying eggs and remove traps before flowers start to appear.
  • Spray diluted Neem oil or Tobacco decoction for Aphids & Mealybugs.
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